SECTION THREE

In this survey I shall consider the world as divided, according to its usual division, into four parts, Europe, Asia, Africa, and America, and take notice of the extent of the several countries, their population, civilization, and religion. The article of religion I shall divide into Christian, Jewish, Mahometan, and Pagan; and shall now and then hint at the particular sect of them that prevails in the places which I shall describe. The following Tables will exhibit a more comprehensive view of what I propose, than anything I can offer on the subject.

	EXT	ENT
Countries	Length (miles)	Breadth (miles)	Number of Inhabitants	Religion
Great Britain	680	300	12 000 000	Protestants, of many denominations
Ireland	285	160	2 000 000	Protestants, and Papists
France	600	500	24 000 000	Catholics, Deists, and Protestants
Spain	700	500	9 500 000	Papistas
Portugal	300	100	2 000 000	Papistas
Sweden, including Sweden proper, Gothland, Shonen, Lapland, Bothnia, and Finland	800	500	3 500 000	The Swedes are serious Lutherans, but most of the Laplanders are Pagans, and very superstitious
Island of Gothland	80	23	5 000
- Oefel	45	24	2 500
- Oeland	84	9	1 000
- Dago	26	23	1 000
Island of Aland	24	20	800
- Hogland	9	5	100
Denmark	240	114	360 000	Lutherans of the Helvetic Confession
Island of Zeeland	60	60	284 000	Ditto
- Funan	38	32	144 000	Ditto
- Arroe	8	2	200	Ditto
- Iceland	435	185	60 000	Ditto
- Langeland	27	12	3 000	Ditto
- Laland	38	30	148 000	Ditto
- Falster	27	12	3000	Ditto
- Mona	14	5	600	Ditto
- Alfen	15	6	600	Ditto
- Femeren	13	8	1 000	Ditto
Isle of Bornholm	20	12	2 000	Lutherans
Greenland	Undiscov	ered	7 000	Pagans, and Moravian Christians
Norway	750	170	724 000	Lutherans
24 Faro Isles			4 500	Ditto
Danish Lapland	285	172	100 000	Ditto, and Pagans
Poland	700	680	9 000 000	Papists, Lutherans, Calvinists & Jews
Prussia*	400	160	2 500 000	Calvinists, Catholics, & Lutherans
Sardinia	135	57	600 000	Papists
Sicily	180	192	1 000 000	Ditto
Italy	660	120	20 000 000	Ditto
United Netherlands	150	150	2 000 000	Protestants of several denominations
Austrian Netherlands	200	200	2 500 000	Papists and Protestants

* The rest of Prussian dominions being scattered in several countries, are counted to those contries where they lie.

	EXT	ENT
Countries	Length (miles)	Breadth (miles)	Number of Inhabitants	Religion
Switzerland	260	100	2 880 000	Papists and Protestants
The Grisons	100	62	800 000	Lutherans and Papists
The Abbacy of St. Gall	24	10	50 000	Ditto
Neufchatel	32	20	100 000	Calvinists
Valais	80	30	440 000	Papists
Piedmont	140	98	900 000	Ditto, and Protestants
Savoy	87	60	720 000	Ditto
Geneva, City	.	.	24 000	Calvinists
Bohemia	478	322	2 100 000	Papists and Moravians
Hungary	300	200	2 500 000	Papists
Germany	600	500	20 000 000	Ditto, and Protestants
Russia in Europe	1 500	1 100	22 000 000	Greek Church
Turkey in Europe	1 100	900	18 000 000	Greek Christians, Jews and Mahometans
Budziac Tartary	300	60	1 200 000	Ditto
Lesser Tartary	390	65	1 000 000	Ditto
Crim Tartary	145	80	500 000	Ditto
Isle of Tenedos	5	3	200	Mahometans
- Negropont	90	25	25 000	Ditto
- Lemnos	25	25	4 000	Ditto
- Paros	36 in	compass	4 500	Greek Christians
- Lesbos, or Mitylene	160 in	compass	30 000	Mahometans and Greeks
- Naxia	100 in	compass	8 000	Greeks and Papists
- Scio, or Chios	112 in	compass	113 000	Greek Christians, Papists and Mahometans
- Nio	40 in	compass	1 000	Ditto
- Scyros	60 in	compass	1 000	Ditto
- Mycone	36 in	compass	3 000	Ditto
Isle of Samos	30	15	12 000	Mahometans
- Nicaria	70 in	compass	3 000	Greek Christians
- Andros	120 in	compass	4 000	Ditto
- Cyclades, Delos the Chief			700	Ditto
- Zia	40 in	compass	8 000	Ditto
- Cerigo ou Cytheraea	50 in	compass	1 000	Ditto, and Papists
- Santorin	36 in	compass	10 000	Ditto
- Policandra	8 in	compass	400	Ditto
- Patmos	18 in	compass	600	Ditto
- Sphanto	36 in	compass	5 000	Greeks
- Claros	40 in	compass	1 700	Mahometans
- Amorgo	36 in	compass	4 000	Greek Christians
- Leros	18 in	compass	800	Christians and Mahometans
Isle of Thermia	40 in	compass	6 000	Greek Christians
- Stampalia	50 in	compass	3 000	Ditto
- Salamis	50 in	compass	1 000	Ditto
- Scarpanta	20 in	compass	2 000	Ditto
- Cephalonia	130 in	compass	50 000	Ditto
- Zant	50 in	compass	30 000	Ditto
- Milo	60 in	compass	40 000	Ditto
- Corfu	120 in	compass	60 000	Ditto
- Candia, or Crete	200	60	400 000	Ditto, and Mahometans
- Coos, ou Stanchia	70 in	compass	12 800	Mahometans and Christians
- Rhodes	60	25	120 000	Ditto
- Cyprus	150	70	300 000	Mahometans

	EXT	ENT
Countries	Length (miles)	Breadth (miles)	Number of Inhabitatns	Religion
Turkey in Asia, contains Anatolia, Syria, Palestine, Diabekr, Turcomania and Georgia	1 000	800	20 000 000	Mahometanism is most prevalent, but there are many Greek, Latin, Eutychian, and Armenian Christians
Arabia	1 300	1 200	16 000 000	Mahometans
Persia	1 280	1 140	20 000 000	Ditto, of the Sect of Ali
Great Tartary	4 000	1 200	40 000 000	Mahometans and Pagans
Siberia	2 800	960	7 500 000	Greek Christians and Pagans
Samojedia	2 000	370	1 900 000	Pagans
Kamtscatcha	540	236	900 000	Ditto
Nova Zembla	Undiscov	ered	thinly inhabit	Ditto
China	900	360	10 000 000	Ditto
Japan contains Niphon Isl.	900	360	10 000 000	Ditto
Isle of Ximo	210	200	3 000 000	Pagans
- Xicoco	117	104	1 800 000	Ditto
- Tsussima	39	34	40 000	Ditto
- Iki	20	17	6 000	Ditto
- Kubitessima	30	26	8 000	Ditto
- Matounsa	54	26	50 000	Ditto
- Fastistia	36	34	30 000	Ditto
- Firando	30	28	10 000	Ditto
- Amacusa	27	24	6 000	Ditto
- Awasi	30	18	5 000	Ditto
India, beyond the Ganges	2 000	1 500	50 000 000	Mahometans and Pagans
Industan	2 000	1 500	110 000 000	Ditto
Tibet	1 200	480	10 000	Pagans
Isle of Ceylon	250	200	2 000 000	Pagans
- Maldives	1000 in	number	100 000	Mahometans
- Sumatra	1 000	100	2 100 000	Ditto, and Pagans
- Java	580	100	2 700 000	Ditto
- Timor	240	54	300 000	Ditto, and a few Christians
- Borneo	800	700	8 000 000	Ditto
- Celebes	510	240	2 000 000	Ditto
- Boutam	75	30	80 000	Mahometans
- Carpentyn	30	3	2 000	Christian Protestants
- Ourature	18	6	3 000	Pagans
- Pullo Lout	69	36	10 000	Ditto

Besides the little Islands of Manaar, Aripen, Caradiva, Pengandiva, Analativa, Nainandiva, and Nindundiva, which are inhabited by Christian Protestants.

And Banca, Madura, Bally, Lambeck, Flores, Solor, Leolana, Pantera, Miscomby, and several others, inhabited by Pagans and Mahometans.

	EXT	ENT
Countries	Length (miles)	Breadth (miles)	Number of inhabitants	Religion
The Moluccas are, - Banda	20	10	6 000	Pagans and Mahometans
- Buro	25	10	7 000	Ditto
- Amboyna	25	10	7 500	Christians;--the Dutch have 25 Ch.
- Ceram	210	45	250 000	Pagans and Mahometans
- Gilola	190	110	650 000	Ditto

And Pullo-way, Pullo-rin, Nera, Guamanapi, Guilliaien, Ternate, Motir, Machian, and Bachian, which are inhabited by Pagans and Mahometans.

The Philippine Islands are supposed to be about 11,000;--some of the chief are,

	EXT	ENT
Countries	Length (miles)	Breadth (miles)	Number of Inhabitants	Religion
Isle of Mindanao	60	40	18 000	Pagans and Mahometans
- Bahol	24	12	6 000	Ditto
- Layta	48	27	10 000	Ditto
- Parragon	240	60	100 000	Ditto
The Calamines are: - Sebu	60	24	10 000	Papists
- Mindora	60	36	12 000	Pagans and Mahometans
- Philippina	185	120	104 000	Ditto
- Negroes Isle	150	60	80 000	Papists
- Manilla			31 000	Ditto, and Pagans

The Ladrone Islands are inhabited by most uncivilized Pagans.

	EXT	ENT
Countries	Length (miles)	Breadth (miles)	Number of Inhabitants	Religion
New Holland	2 500	2 000	12 000 000	Pagans;--1 or 2 Ministers are there.
New Zealand**	960	180	1 120 000	Ditto
New Guinea	1 000	360	1 900 000	Ditto
New Britain	180	120	900 000	Ditto
New Ireland	180	60	700 000	Ditto
Onrong Java	a cluster	of isles		Ditto
New Caledonia	260	30	170 000	Ditto
New Hebrides				Ditto
Friendly Isles	20 in num	ber		Ditto
Sandwich Isles	7 in num	ber	400 000	Ditto
Society Isles	6 in num	ber	800 000	Ditto
Kurile Isles	45 in num	ber	50 000	Ditto

**Two Islands

 

	EXT	ENT
Countries	Length (miles)	Breadth (miles)	Number of Inhabitants	Religion
Pelew Isles	.			Pagans
Oonalashaka Isle	40	20	3 000	Ditto
The other South-Sea Islands				Ditto

	EXT	ENT
Countries	Length (miles)	Breadth (miles)	Number of Inhabitants	Religion
Egypt	600	250	2 200 000	Mahometans and Jews
Nubia	940	600	3 000 000	Ditto
Barbary	1 800	500	3 500 000	Mahometans, Jews and Christians
Biledulgerid	2 500	350	3 500 000	Mahometans, Christians and Jews
Zaara, or the Desert	3 400	660	800 000	Ditto
Abissynia	900	800	5 800 000	Armenian Christians
Abex	540	130	1 600 000	Christians and Pagans
Negroland	2 200	840	18 000 000	Pagans
Loango	410	300	1 500 000	Ditto
Congo	540	220	2 000 000	Ditto
Angola	360	250	1 400 000	Ditto
Benguela	430	180	1 600 000	Ditto
Mataman	450	240	1 500 000	Ditto
Ajan	900	300	2 500 000	Ditto
Zanguebar	1 400	350	3 000 000	Ditto
Monoemugi	900	660	2 000 000	Ditto
Sofala	480	300	1 000 000	Pagans
Terra de natal	600	350	2 000 000	Ditto
Cassraria, or the Hottentots Country	708	660	2 000 000	Ditto, and a few Christians at the Cape
Isle of Madagascar	1 000	220	2 000 000	Pagans and Mahometans
- St. Mary	54	9	5 000	French Papists
- Mascarin	39	30	7 000	Ditto
- St. Helena	21 in	compass	1 000	English and French Christians
- Annabon	16	14	4 000	Portuguese Papists
- St. Thomas	25	23	9 000	Pagans
- Zocotora	80	54	10 000	Mahometans
- Comora Isles	5 in num	ber	5 000	Ditto
- Mauritius	150 in	compass	10 000	French Papists
Isle of Bourbon	90 in	compass	15 000	Ditto
- Madeiras	3 in num	ber	10 000	Papists
- Cape Verd Isles	10 in num	ber	20 000	Ditto
- Canaries	12 in num	ber	30 000	Ditto
- Azores	9 in num	ber	100 000	Ditto
- Maltha	15	8	1 200	Ditto

.	EXT	ENT	.	.
Countries	Length (miles)	Breadth (miles)	Number of Inhabitants	Religion
Brazil	2 900	900	14 000 000	Pagans and Papists
Paraguay	1 140	460	10 000 000	Pagans
Chile	1 200	500	2 000 000	Pagans and Papists
Peru	1 800	600	10 000 000	Ditto
Country of the Amazons	1 200	900	8 000 000	Pagans
Terra Firma	1 400	700	10 000 000	Pagans and Papists
Guiana	780	480	2 000 000	Ditto
Terra Magellancia	1 400	460	9 000 000	Pagans
Old Mexico	2 220	600	13 500 000	Ditto and Papists
New Mexico	2 000	1 000	14 000 000	Ditto
The States of America	1 000	600	3 700 000	Christians, of various denominations
Terra de Labrador, Nova Scotia, Louisiana, Canada, and all the country inland from Mexico to Hudson's Bay	1 680	600	8 000 000	Christians, of various denominations, but most of the North-American Indians are Pagans
California, and from thence along the western coast to 70 degrees south latitude, and so far inland as to meet the above article	2 820	1 380	9 000 000	Pagans
All to the North of 70 degrees	Un	known		Pagans
Cape Breton	400	110	20 000	Christians
- Newfoundland	350	200	1 400	Protestants
- Cumberland's Isle	780	300	10 000	Pagans
- Madre de Dios	105	30	8 000	Ditto
- Terra del Fuego	120	36	5 000	Ditto
All the Islands in the vicinity of Cape Horn		.		Ditto
The Bermudas extend	16	5	20 000	Half English, and Half Slaves
The Little Antilles are:				.
- Aruba	5	3	200	Dutch, and Pagan Negroes
- Curassoa	30	10	11 000	Ditto
- Bonaire	10	3	300	Ditto
- Margaritta	40	24	18 000	Spaniards, and Pagan Negroes
- St. Trinidad	90	60	100 000	Ditto
The Bahamas are:				.
- Bahama	50	16	16 000	Pagans
- Providence	28	11	6 000	Ditto

Besides Eluthera, Harbour, Lucayonegua, Andross, Cigateo, Guanaliana, Yumeta, Samana, Yuma, Mayaguana, Ynagua, Caicos, Triangula--Pagans.

	EXT	ENT
Countries	Length (miles)	Breadth (miles)	Number of inhabitants	Religion
The Antilles are:	.			.
- Cuba	700	60	1 000 000	Papists
- Jamaica	140	60	400 000	English, and Pagan Negroes
- St. Domingo	450	150	1 000 000	French, Spaniards and Negroes
- Porto Rico	100	49	300 000	Spanish and Negroes
- Vache, or Cows I	18	2	1 000	Ditto

The Virgin Isles are 12 in number, of which Danes Island is the principal--Protestants.

.	EXT	ENT	.	.
Countries	Length (miles)	Breadth (miles)	Number of Inhabitants	Religion
The Carribbees are:				.
- St. Cruz	30	10	13 500	Danish Protestants
- Anguilla	30	9	6 000	Protestants and Negroes
- St. Martin	21	12	7 500	Ditto
- St. Bartolomew	6	4	720	Ditto
- Barbuda	20	12	7 500	Ditto
- Saba	5	4	1 500	Ditto
- Guardulope	45	38	50 000	Catholics and Pagan Negroes
- Marigalante	15	12	5 400	Ditto
- Tobago	32	9	2 400	Ditto
- Desiada	12	6	1 500	Ditto
- Granada	30	15	13 500	English and Pagan Negroes
- St. Lucia	23	12	5 000	Ditto, and Native Pagan Caribbs

.	EXT	ENT	Number Inhabi	of tants	.
Countries	Length (miles)	Breadth (miles)	Whites	Negroes	Religion
- St. Eustatia	6	4	5 000	15 000	Dutch, English, &c.
- St. Christopher	20	7	6 000	36 000	English
- Nevis	6	4	5 000	10 000	Ditto
- Antigua	20	20	7 000	30 000	Ditto
- Montserrat	6	6	5 000	10 000	Ditto
- Martinico	60	30	20 000	50 000	French
- St. Vincent's	24	18	8 000	5 000	The 8,000 are Native Caribbs
- Barbadoes	21	14	50 000	100 000	English
- Dominica	28	13		40 000	Ditto, 2,000 of them Native Caribbs
- St. Thomas	15 in	circunf.		8 000	Danish Protestants

This, as nearly as I can obtain information, is the State of the world; though in many countries, as Turkey, Arabia, Great Tartary, Africa, and America except the United States, and most of the Asiatic Islands, we have no accounts of the number of inhabitants that can be relied on. I have therefore only calculated the extent, and counted a certain number on an average per square mile; in some countries more, and in others less, according as circumstances determine. A few general remarks upon it will conclude this section.

First, the inhabitants of the world according to this calculation amount to about seven hundred and thirty-one millions; four hundred and twenty millions of whom are still in pagan darkness; an hundred and thirty millions of the followers of Mahomet; an hundred millions catholics; forty-four millions protestants; thirty millions of the Greek and Armenian churches, and perhaps seven millions of Jews. It must undoubtedly strike every thinking mind that a vast proportion of the sons of Adam remain in the most deplorable state of heathen darkness, without any means of knowing the true God, except what are afforded them by the works of nature; and utterly destitute of the knowledge of the gospel of Christ, or of any means of obtaining it. In many of these countries they have no written language, consequently no Bible, and are only led by the most childish customs and traditions. Such, for instance, are all the middle and back parts of North America, the inland parts of South America, the South Sea Islands, New Holland, New Zealand, New Guinea; and I may add Great Tartary, Siberia, Samojedia, and the other parts of Asia contiguous to the frozen sea; the greatest part of Africa, the island of Madagascar, and many places beside. In many of these parts also they are cannibals, feeding upon the flesh of their slain enemies with the greatest brutality and eagerness. The truth of this was ascertained beyond a doubt by the late eminent navigator, Cooke, of the New Zealanders and some of the inhabitants of the western coast of America. Human sacrifices are also very frequently offered, so that scarce a week elapses without instances of this kind. They are in general poor, barbarous, naked pagans, as destitute of civilization as they are of true religion.

Secondly, barbarous as these poor heathens are, they appear to be as capable of knowledge as we are; and in many places, at least, have displayed uncommon genius and teachability; and I greatly question whether most of the barbarities practiced by them have not originated in some real or supposed affront, and are therefore more properly acts of self-defence than proofs of inhuman and bloodthirsty dispositions.

Thirdly, in other parts where they have a written language, as in the East Indies, China, Japan, etc., they know nothing of the gospel. The Jesuits indeed once made many converts to popery among the Chinese; but their highest aim seemed to be to obtain their good opinion; for though the converts professed themselves Christians, yet they were allowed to honour the image of Confucius their great lawgiver; and at length their ambitious intrigues brought upon them the displeasure of the government, which terminated in the suppression of the mission and almost, if not entirely, of the Christian name. It is also a melancholy fact that the vices of Europeans have been communicated wherever they themselves have been; so that the religious state of even heathens has been rendered worse by dealings with them!

Fourthly, a very great proportion of Asia and Africa, with some parts of Europe, are Mahometans; and those in Persia who are of the sect of Hali, are the most inveterate enemies to the Turks; and they in return abhor the Persians. The Africans are some of the most ignorant of all the Mahometans; especially the Arabs, who are scattered through all the northern parts of Africa, and live upon the depredations which they are continually making upon their neighbours.

Fifthly, in respect of those who bear the Christian name, a very great degree of ignorance and immorality abounds amongst them. There are Christians, so called, of the Greek and Armenian churches, in all the Mahometan countries; but they are, if possible, more ignorant and vicious than the Mahometans themselves. The Georgian Christians, who are near the Caspian Sea, maintain themselves by selling their neighbours, relations, and children, for slaves to the Turks and Persians. And it is remarked that if any of the Greeks of Anatolia turn Muslim, the Turks never set store by them, on account of their being so much noted for dissimulation and hypocrisy. It is well known that most of the members of the Greek Church are very ignorant. Papists also are in general ignorant of divine things, and very vicious. Nor do the bulk of the Church of England much exceed them, either in knowledge or in holiness; and many errors, and much looseness of conduct, are to be found amongst dissenters of all denominations. The Lutherans of Denmark are much on a par with the churchmen in England; and the face of most Christian countries presents a dreadful scene of ignorance, hypocrisy, and profligacy. Various baneful and pernicious errors appear to gain ground in almost every part of Christendom; the truths of the gospel, and even the gospel itself, are attacked, and every method that the enemy can invent is employed to undermine the kingdom of our Lord Jesus Christ.

All these things are loud calls to Christians, and especially to ministers, to exert themselves to the utmost in their several spheres of action, and to try to enlarge them as much as possible.